Dyslexia is a common learning difficulty that affects students’ reading and writing abilities. Early diagnosis through professional assessment and timely intervention are crucial. Early support helps students during critical developmental stages, minimizing the impact of dyslexia on their academic performance. Teachers and parents should observe students’ learning performance closely and seek professional help when symptoms are suspected.
However, with appropriate learning strategies and support, students with dyslexia can significantly improve their reading comprehension abilities. Below are some effective methods:
1. Personalised Teaching
Personalized teaching based on each student’s specific needs is a key approach to improving reading comprehension. Differentiated teaching strategies and individualized learning plans tailored to students’ diverse abilities can make a significant difference. Examples include:
- Adding phonetic aids (HanYu PinYin) or illustrations to help students understand difficult words in texts.
- Allowing extra time for reading tasks and incorporating multisensory teaching methods (e.g., visual, auditory, and kinaesthetic).
- Using specific visual symbols to assist students in analysing text and summarizing paragraphs.
- Employing mapping tools – Story Mountain to help students grasp story structures and plot changes, students can place prepared story content cards in appropriate positions on the story mountain.
- Using guided questioning to foster critical thinking and problem-solving skills.
For example, teachers can guide students to first identify “question keywords” (e.g., why, what, where) and relevant clues in the text.
- Providing answer templates as a scaffolded exercise when necessary.
2. Providing Assistive Tools
Assistive tools can greatly enhance the reading comprehension abilities of students with dyslexia. Common tools include:
- Text-to-Speech Software: Helps students listen to text content, reducing the strain of reading.
- E-books and Audiobooks: These resources use auditory methods to aid text comprehension.
- Rulers or High-Definition Magnifiers: Help students read text more clearly.
- Artificial Intelligence (AI): AI tools can support dyslexic students by enhancing teaching efficiency and creating tailored learning resources. For instance:
- AI adjusts learning difficulty dynamically based on student progress, ensuring gradual challenges within a comfortable zone.
- AI generates related images, animations, or videos to provide visual explanations of text content.
- AI motivates students through goal-based rewards (e.g., points or badges), encouraging intrinsic motivation.
3. Foundational Skills Strengthening – Vocabulary and Grammar Instruction
Vocabulary and grammar are essential for reading comprehension. Using images, examples, and repetitive exercises can help students grasp new words and structures more effectively.
4. Fostering Interest in Reading
Encouraging students’ interest in reading is crucial. Choosing books that align with their interests and levels makes reading more engaging. Allowing students to select materials and participate in discussions enhances their enthusiasm and understanding.
5. Providing Emotional Support
Students with dyslexia may face challenges, making emotional support essential. Teachers and parents should offer encouragement to help build confidence in reading and overcome learning obstacles.
Conclusion
While dyslexia presents challenges, early identification and effective strategies can help students improve reading comprehension. Through collaborative efforts, we can create a supportive and inclusive learning environment for these students.
To discover how DAS can support your child’s learning journey, explore our Chinese programme.
读写障碍是一种常见的学习困难，影响到学生的阅读和写作能力。尽早通过专业测试来诊断学生是否有读写障碍并进行干预是至关重要的。早期干预可以帮助学生在关键的发展阶段得到支持，从而最大程度地减少读写障碍对他们学业的影响。老师和家长应注意观察学生的学习表现，一旦发现疑似症状，及时寻求专业帮助。
然而，通过适当的学习策略和适当的支持，可以显著提高读写障碍学生的阅读理解能力。以下是一些有效的方法：
1. 个性化教学
根据每个学生的具体需求进行个性化教学是提高阅读理解的重要方法。针对学生不同的学习能力，使用差异化教学策略，设计个性化的学习计划。例如：
为篇章中出现的疑难字词添加拼音辅助，必要时也可以添加图片方便理解。
可以提供额外的时间完成阅读任务，使用多感官教学方法（如视觉、听觉和动觉）来加强学生的学习体验。例如：
- 用特定的视觉符号，辅助学生分析篇章内容，并归纳段落大意。
- 利用故事山引导学生把握篇章的结构，了解故事发展变化；并把准备好的故事内容卡片粘贴到故事山正确的位置上。
利用引导式答题法，注重培养学生的思维能力和答题技巧，帮助学生提高阅读理解和答题能力。例如：
- 教师引导学生答题时，可让学生先找出“问题词语”（为什么？什么？哪里？等）及关键词；然后在文中找到相关线索。
- 必要时也可以给出答题框架，让学生以填充的形式完成答题内容。
2. 提供辅助工具
为读写障碍学生提供辅助工具可以显著提高他们的阅读理解能力。一些常见的工具包括：
文字转语音软件：可以帮助学生听取文本内容，从而减轻阅读压力。
电子书和有声书：这些资源可以通过听觉帮助学生理解文本。
利用尺子或高清电子放大镜：帮助学生更清晰地阅读文本。
利用人工智能（AI）帮助读写障碍学生提升阅读理解能力。教师可以充分利用 AI 辅助生成教学资源，提高备课效率。例如：
AI 根据学生的进步动态调整学习难度，确保他们在舒适区内逐步挑战更高的理解水平。
AI 生成相关图像、动画或视频，为学生呈现文本内容的视觉化解释。
AI 通过达成目标后的奖励反馈（如积分或徽章），激发学生的内在动力。
3. 基础技能强化教学法 – 强化词汇和语法教学
词汇和语法是阅读理解的重要基础。通过有针对性的词汇和语法教学，可以帮助读写障碍学生更好地理解文本内容。使用图像、示例和重复练习等方法，增强学生对新词汇和语法结构的掌握。例如：
4. 培养阅读兴趣
激发学生的阅读兴趣对于提高阅读理解至关重要。选择适合学生兴趣和阅读水平的书籍，鼓励他们自主选择阅读材料。通过讨论和分享阅读体验，可以进一步增强他们对阅读的兴趣和理解。
5. 提供情感支持
读写障碍学生可能在学习过程中面临许多挑战，因此情感支持同样重要。教师和家长应给予学生积极的鼓励和肯定，帮助他们建立阅读的自信心和提升克服学习困难的能力。
总结
虽然读写障碍给学生带来了一定的挑战，但只要能够早期识别、并通过个性化教学、辅助工具、强化词汇和语法教学、培养阅读兴趣以及提供情感支持，读写障碍学生也可以克服阅读理解方面的各种挑战并取得显著的进步。相信在社会各界的共同努力下，一定能够为他们创造一个支持性和包容性的学习环境。
了解DAS如何帮助您的孩子学习，请访问我们的中文课程页面。
